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daniyasiddiquiEditor’s Choice
Asked: 28/12/2025In: Education

How can ethical frameworks help mitigate bias in AI learning tools?

frameworks help mitigate bias in AI l ...

aibiasdigitalethicseducationtechnologyethicalaifairnessinairesponsibleai
  1. daniyasiddiqui
    daniyasiddiqui Editor’s Choice
    Added an answer on 28/12/2025 at 1:28 pm

    Comprehending the Source of Bias Biases in AI learning tools are rarely intentional. Biases can come from data that contains historic inequalities, stereotypes, and under-representation in demographics. If an AI system is trained on data from a particular geographic location, language, or socio-econRead more

    Comprehending the Source of Bias

    Biases in AI learning tools are rarely intentional. Biases can come from data that contains historic inequalities, stereotypes, and under-representation in demographics. If an AI system is trained on data from a particular geographic location, language, or socio-economic background, it can underperform elsewhere.

    Ethical guidelines play an important role in making developers and instructors realize that bias is not merely an error on the technical side but also has social undertones in data and design. This is the starting point for bias mitigation.

    Incorporating Fairness as a Design Principle

    A major advantage that can be attributed to the use of ethical frameworks is the consideration and incorporation of fairness as a main requirement rather than an aside. Fairness regarded as a priority allows developers to consider testing an AI system on various students prior to implementation.

    In the educational sector, AI systems should ensure:

    • Do not penalize pupils on the grounds of language, sex, disability, or socio-economic status
    • Provide equal recommendations and feedback
    • Avoid labeling or tracking students in a way that may limit their future opportunities

    By establishing fairness standards upstream, ethical standards diminish the chances of unjust results becoming normalized.

    “Promoting Transparency and Explainability”

    Ethicists consider the role of transparency, stating that students, educators, and parents should be able to see the role that AI plays in educational outcomes. Users ought to be able to query the AI system to gain an understanding of why, for instance, an AI system recommends additional practice, places the student “at risk,” or assigns an educational grade to an assignment.

    Explainable systems help detect bias more easily. Since instructors are capable of interpreting how the decisions are made, they are more likely to observe patterns that impact certain groups in an unjustified manner. Transparency helps create trust, and trust is critical in these learning environments.

    Accountability and Oversight with a Human Touch

    Bias is further compounded if decisions made by AI systems are considered final and absolute. Ethical considerations remind us that no matter what AI systems accomplish, human accountability remains paramount. Teachers and administrators must always retain the discretion to check, override, or qualify AI-based suggestions.

    By using the human-in-the-loop system, the:

    • “Artificial intelligence aids professional judgment rather than supplanting it”
    • The Contextual Factors (Emotional, Cultural, and Personal), namely
    • Incorrect or bias information is addressed before it affects students

    Responsibility changes AI from an invisible power to a responsible assisting tool.

    Protecting Student Data and Privacy

    Biases and ethics are interwoven within the realm of data governance. Ethics emphasize proper data gathering and privacy concerns. If student data is garnered in a transparent and fair manner, control can be maintained over how the AI is fed data.

    Reducing unnecessary data minimizes the chances of sensitive information being misused and inferred, which also leads to biased results. Fair data use acts as a shield that prevents discrimination.

    Incorporating Diverse Perspectives in Development and Policy Approaches

    Ethical considerations promote inclusive engagement in the creation and management of AI learning tools. These tools are viewed as less biased where education stakeholders, such as tutors, students, parents, and experts, are involved from different backgrounds.

    Addition of multiple views is helpful in pointing out blind spots which might not be apparent to technical teams alone. This ensures that AI systems embody views on education and not mere assumptions.

    Continuous Monitoring & Improvement

    Ethical considerations regard bias mitigation as an ongoing task, not simply an event to be checked once. Learning environments shift, populations of learners change, while AI systems evolve with the passage of time. Regular audits, data feedback, and performance reviews identify new biases that could creep into the system from time to time.

    This is because this commitment to improvement ensures that AI aligns with the ever-changing demands of education.

    Conclusion

    Ethical frameworks can also reduce bias in AI-based learning tools because they set the tone on issues such as fairness, transparency, accountability, and inclusivity. Ethical frameworks redirect the attention from technical efficiency to humans because AI must facilitate learning without exacerbating inequalities that already exist. With a solid foundation of ethics, AI will no longer be an invisibly biased source but a means to achieve an equal and responsible education.

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daniyasiddiquiEditor’s Choice
Asked: 28/12/2025In: Education

Why is AI rapidly transforming teaching and learning?

AI rapidly transforming teaching and ...

digitaltransformationedtecheducationalinnovationfutureofeducationpersonalizedlearningteachingandlearning
  1. daniyasiddiqui
    daniyasiddiqui Editor’s Choice
    Added an answer on 28/12/2025 at 1:15 pm

    Creating a Culture that Supports Personalized Learning Personalization of the learning experience is one of the main factors contributing to the widespread adoption of AI in the education sector. In a classroom setting, it is the job of one teacher to support dozens of pupils, each of whom may haveRead more

    Creating a Culture that Supports Personalized Learning

    Personalization of the learning experience is one of the main factors contributing to the widespread adoption of AI in the education sector. In a classroom setting, it is the job of one teacher to support dozens of pupils, each of whom may have distinct skills, rates of learning, and interests.
    Additionally, the use of artificial intelligence makes it easy to scale the delivery of quality education, as it can handle tens of millions of people worldwide.

    What this means is that better-prepared learners get to advance faster while learners who are struggling can be supported, unlike in the former system. By AI platforms, personalization previously only possible in private tutor or top universities is going to be scalable.

    Supporting Teachers Rather Than Replacing Them

    Artificial intelligence is also changing the education sector in the aspect that it reduces the role played by teachers in administrative aspects. activities such as grading test results, recording the attendance level, analyzing performance results, and preparing school reports take time away from the teaching role of a teacher. Software applications that use artificial intelligence make all this relevant to the teaching role automatic.

    Instead of replacing teachers, AI is increasingly becoming a teaching assistant that complements the effectiveness of teachers.

    Instant Feedback and Continuous Assessment

    Traditional assessment methodologies involve a lot of exams at fixed intervals; hence, the results might not be received in time for improvement in the next exam. AI allows students to be assessed instantly and receive feedback at the time of assessment with the possibility of correcting their mistakes while they still have the concept in their heads.

    This feedback cycle promotes active learning and minimizes anxiety associated with high-stakes testing. Students feel more informed about their learning process and develop a greater level of ownership of their learning process.

    Improving Access to Quality Education

    AI educational tools are closing the gaps that exist in educational access. Students who are located in distant and resource-challenged regions are gaining access to intelligent tutoring systems, language translation systems, and adaptive learning that they could not have otherwise.

    In fact, for people with disabilities, assistive technologies such as speech-to-text, text-to-speech, or visual recognition technologies powered through AI are spreading inclusive learning. This is because inclusive learning resources are among those that have propelled AI’s swift integration in education.

    Addressing Shifts in Learner Demand and Expect

    The generation of students today is brought up in a digital context that is interactive and responsive to them. The traditional textbook or lecture may just not be able to capture their interest. This is where technology and artificial intelligence help to develop interactive learning sessions such as simulations and virtual labs.

    Learning that appears more relevant and more interactive increases motivation and hence improves retention and understanding.

    Equipping Students for the AI-Powered World

    The educational institutions are also incorporating AI into their systems because of an awareness of a need to equip pupils with knowledge of how to function within a future where AI is embedded into most of their lines of expertise. AI-enabled learning aids pupils not only in content mastery but also equips them to interact with intelligence.

    Practical familiarity with AI can be accomplished through experiencing it, which is not possible through traditional methods of learning about it.

    Data-Driven Decision Making in Education

    AI allows educational institutions and schools to make informed, data-backed decisions. AI is able to pick up on trends such as the risk of students dropping out of school, subjects or teaching methodologies, and so on, based on large chunks of educational data.

    Partner, Not Savior

    AI is disrupting the teaching and learning space at an unprecedented rate due to the alignment of AI with the actual educational requirements of personalization, efficiency, inclusion, and relevance. However, for the success of AI, there is a need to implement it judiciously, with proper ethics in place, and with robust and sound human intervention.

    Closing Perspective

    AI will transform the education experience, not redefine learning, by providing the means to adapt to the learner, support the teacher, and broaden the educational experience to all, regardless of traditional boundaries. As education advances into the future, the applications of AI are becoming an unprecedented catalyst.

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daniyasiddiquiEditor’s Choice
Asked: 28/12/2025In: Education

What role should AI literacy play in compulsory school education?

AI literacy play in compulsory school ...

ailiteracycompulsoryeducationdigitalliteracyeducationpolicyethicalaifutureskills
  1. daniyasiddiqui
    daniyasiddiqui Editor’s Choice
    Added an answer on 28/12/2025 at 12:03 pm

    AI Literacy as the New Basic Literacy Whereas traditional literacy allows people to make sense of the text, AI literacy allows students to make sense of the systems driving decisions and opportunities that affect them. From social media feeds to online exams, students are using AI-driven tools everyRead more

    AI Literacy as the New Basic Literacy

    Whereas traditional literacy allows people to make sense of the text, AI literacy allows students to make sense of the systems driving decisions and opportunities that affect them. From social media feeds to online exams, students are using AI-driven tools every day, usually without realizing it. Without foundational knowledge, they might take the outputs of AI as absolute truths rather than probabilistic suggestions.

    Introduction to AI literacy at an early age helps students learn the following:

    • What AI is and what it is not
    • How AI systems are trained on data
    • Why AI can make mistakes or show bias

    This helps place students in a position where they can interact more critically, rather than passively, with technology.

    Building Critical Thinking and Responsible Use

    One of the most crucial jobs that AI literacy performs is in solidifying critical thinking. Students need to be taught that AI doesn’t “think” or “understand” in a human sense. It predicts outcomes from patterns in data, which can contain errors, stereotypes, or incomplete standpoints.

    By learning this, students become better at:

    • Questioning answers given by AI,
    • Verification with multiple sources
    • Recognizing misinformation or overreliance on automation

    This is even more significant in an age where AI networks can now generate essays, images, and videos that seem highly convincing but may not be entirely accurate or ethical.

    Ethical Awareness and Digital Citizenship

    AI literacy also will play a very important role in ethical education. Students also need to be aware of issues revolving around data privacy, surveillance, consent, and algorithmic bias. All these topics touch on their everyday life in the use of learning apps, face recognition systems, or online platforms.

    Embedding ethics in AI education will assist students in:

    • Respect privacy and personal information
    • Understand issues relating to Fairness and Discrimination in Machine Learning systems
    • Develop empathy about how technology impacts different communities

    This approach keeps AI education in step with wider imperatives around responsible digital citizenship.

    Preparing students for life in the professions

    The future workforce will not be divided into “AI experts” and “non-AI users.” Most professions will require some level of interaction with these AI systems. Doctors, teachers, lawyers, artists, and administrators will all need to work alongside intelligent tools.

    Compulsory AI Literacy will ensure that students:

    • Are not intimidated by the technological capabilities of AI
    • Can fit in an AI-supported working environment.
    • Understand how human judgment complements automation

    Early exposure can also allow learners to decide on their interests in either science, technology, ethics, design, or policy-all fields which are increasingly related to AI.

    Reducing the Digital and Knowledge Divide

    Making AI literacy optional or restricting it to elite institutions threatens to widen social and economic inequalities. Students from under-resourced backgrounds may be doomed to remain mere consumers of AI, while others become the creators and decision-makers.

    Compulsory AI literacy gives a mammoth boost to:

    • Equal opportunity to knowledge on emerging technologies
    • Fairer contribution to the digital economy
    • More general societal realization about how AI shapes power and opportunity

    Such inclusion would make it an inclusive, democratic future in terms of technology.

    A gradual and age-appropriate approach

    There is no requirement that AI literacy need be complex and technical from the beginning. Simple ideas, such as that of “smart machines” and decision-making, may be explained to students in primary school, while the higher classes can be introduced to more advanced ideas like data, algorithms, ethics, and real-world applications. In the end, one wants progressive understanding, not information overload.

    Conclusion

    This is where AI literacy should constitute a core and mandatory part of school education AI is part of students’ present reality. Teaching young people how AI works and where it can fail, and the responsible use of AI, equips them with critical awareness and ethical judgment and prepares them for the future. The fear of AI and blind trust in it are replaced by awareness of this as a strong tool-continuously guided by human values and informed decision-making. ChatGPT may make mistakes. Check impo

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daniyasiddiquiEditor’s Choice
Asked: 27/12/2025In: Stocks Market

Are IT and tech stocks still good long-term bets?

IT and tech stocks

equity marketsgrowth investinginvestment risklong-term investingmarket trendsstock market strategy
  1. daniyasiddiqui
    daniyasiddiqui Editor’s Choice
    Added an answer on 27/12/2025 at 3:38 pm

    Are IT & Tech stocks good long-term bets? Technology stocks have remained some of the most profitable investment opportunities in markets for many decades. These stocks have continued to reap the benefits associated with the adoption of technology in most industries. However, due to the increaseRead more

    Are IT & Tech stocks good long-term bets?

    Technology stocks have remained some of the most profitable investment opportunities in markets for many decades. These stocks have continued to reap the benefits associated with the adoption of technology in most industries. However, due to the increased volatility in markets, layoffs in technology companies, and changes in interest rates, most investors have continued to wonder if technology stocks are worth considering for investment. The answer is yes, but there are many considerations.

    Why IT and Technology Have Historically Done Well: Analyzing Market Trends

    Scalability is an area in which tech companies excel. Once the product or service has been developed, the same can be replicated and marketed to millions of people in a scalable manner. This has enabled many tech companies to report stellar margins and cash flows. Furthermore, the scope of tech innovation has continued to grow and expand from enterprise software, the cloud, and cyber to payments, analytics, and most recently, artificial intelligence.

    A second reason for this resilience is relevance. Information technology is no longer a supporting function; it has become integral to business activities. Such relevance has, at all times, ensured a stable demand for IT services and products.

    Impact of Economic Cycles and Interest Rates

    Although technology stocks offer many advantages, the fact remains that these stocks are not isolated from the economic cycles when the interest rates are increasing, which puts pressure on the technology stocks as many technology stocks derive their major value from the future stocks, which become less desirable when the interest costs are higher.

    Despite this, the short-term correction of valuations does not necessarily have any effect on the long-term argument. Over the long term, those businesses that continue to experience innovation and revenue growth with healthy balance sheets will ultimately start performing well once the macroeconomic conditions have stabilized.

    Innovation Is Still a Powerful Tailwind
    Some people might look

    The new future for technology continues to be driven by innovation. Topics such as artificial intelligence, automation, cloud migration, and digital infrastructure are more than just passing fads – they are paradigm shifts in how our economies actually function. From healthcare to finance to manufacturing and into government, organizations are leveraging technology tools to achieve more efficiency and cost savings.

    This continuing innovation loop indicates that the demand for technology-based services and products is probably going to be there for a long time to come.

    Not all tech stocks are created equal

    A mistake often committed by investors is to categorize all technology stocks as one group. This is because technology stocks are comprised of both mature companies with adequate Cash Flow Generation, as well as relatively new ones that are struggling to reach scale and become profitable. Mature technology stocks can be less risky as compared to relatively new ones.

    Long-term investors need to look at fundamentals like quality of revenues, profitability, customer retention, and ability to withstand technological changes. Well-governed companies, diversified customer bases, and resilient businesses will stand better in tough times.

    Investing in the Stock Market: Risks That Investors

    Although the future looks promising, there are still some concerns. The increasing rate of technology change can lead to the products being made obsolete in the future. The areas of data protection and competition regulation could also see more regulation in the coming times.

    Additionally, the expectations of investors also play a significant role. Tech stocks show the best performance when expectations are not unachievable. When expectations run too high, correction periods can be severe.

    Tech Trends in a Long-Term Portfolio

    For long-term investors, IT stocks could still be used, but should not form a major part of the overall portfolio. IT stocks fall under technology stocks, and should be well spread out. A proper strategy like systematic investment could help avoid market timing errors.

    Instead of pursuing short-term trends, successful investors would be better off investing in technology companies that show good execution, flexibility, and vision.

    Final Takeaway

    The technology and technology stocks continue to be an attractive long-term investment opportunity, not because they are unaffected by market downturns, but because technology remains an integral part of the future of economies and enterprises. There may be ups and downs in this sector, but this sector has resilience in terms of innovation, relevance, and scalability, which make it an attractive addition to an investment plan focused on growth.fv

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daniyasiddiquiEditor’s Choice
Asked: 27/12/2025In: Stocks Market

Are new-age IPOs worth investing in?

new-age IPOs worth investing in

equity marketsfinancial decision-makinggrowth stocksinvestment riskmarket trends
  1. daniyasiddiqui
    daniyasiddiqui Editor’s Choice
    Added an answer on 27/12/2025 at 2:43 pm

    Are New Age IPOs Worth Investing In? New-age IPOs: The new-age IPOs, or technology-driven companies that function on platforms, have witnessed tremendous investment interest over the last few years. The new-age IPO offers rapid growth and the disruption of conventional sectors through its associatioRead more

    Are New Age IPOs Worth Investing In?

    New-age IPOs: The new-age IPOs, or technology-driven companies that function on platforms, have witnessed tremendous investment interest over the last few years. The new-age IPO offers rapid growth and the disruption of conventional sectors through its association with the digital economy. However, their performance post-listing has been erratic, and an important question that arises here is whether new-age IPOs are actually worthy of investment or just high-risk stories?

    Recent Developments in New-Age IPOs

    New age IPOs are largely those which are based on digital platforms. The key characteristic of new age firms is that they are more concerned about market share and scalability as opposed to more traditional firms which are more concerned about profitability. It would be clear from above examples that the kind of firms which have come to the Indian market in the “food delivery,” fintech, “e-commerce,” logistics, “SaaS based” spaces are examples of firms belonging to this segment. Some prominent examples of firms which belong to this segment are Zomato, Paytm, and Nykaa.

    The Core Investment Attraction

    What new-age IPOs offer the most is the potential for growth. New-age companies target massive untapped markets and use technology to grow-big, fast. If achieved, these companies can establish powerful network effects, high brand recall, and high operating leverage.

    There is also early access. As IPO investors, individuals can gain early access to companies that have the potential to influence consumer behaviors or business models over many decades. It may seem similar to early-stage investments in what are today global technology giants to investors with early access.

    The Profitability Challenge

    Amongst one of the most significant apprehensions associated with new age IPOs is that they are not profitable on a constant basis. A significant number of IPO-giving organizations are still posting losses. These organizations are of the view that as soon as they are able to create mass, their profits will not be a concern.

    High customer acquisition costs, a focus on discounts for growth, as well as competitiveness could lead to a lag in achieving profitability. It is essential for investors to assess whether the company’s loss could be strategic, temporary, or structural.

    Valuation: Growth Versus Reality

    Valuation can be another pertinent consideration in this context. In general, new-age IPOs tend to be valued either by looking at future projections instead of looking at their present financial performances. Concepts like price/earning ratio can’t be applicable in such scenarios.

    This means that stock valuations are sensitive to market sentiment. If market sentiment is optimistic, stock values can jump. But if market conditions become tighter, as in the case of increased interest rates, these stocks can see sharp corrections.

    Governance and Business Model Risks

    But, along with the numbers, the investors need to look at the quality of governance, transparency, and execution skills. A good idea is insufficient. The caliber of the management’s leadership in controlling expenses, adjusting the strategy, and communicating effectively with the investors matters a lot.

    Viability in business model also raises questions. Certain businesses rely to some extent on financing or favorable markets. They may find difficulty in entering the profits phase if financing becomes costly or markets change.

    Who Should Consider Investing?

    New age IPOs may not be ideal for all investors. New age IPOs are generally more suitable for investors who:

    • Have a high risk tolerance
    • Understand technology and platform economics
    • Can stay invested through volatility
    • Willing to allocate their portfolio partially

    However, for a more conservative investor who is interested in income or return on investment, conventional businesses could be more suitable.

    A Balanced Perspective

    The IPOs belonging to the new age are not wealth creators per se or concepts that should be shunned altogether as investment options. They lie at the point where innovation meets risk. While some will be able to develop themselves into a robust, profitable entity, others could end up struggling to remain justified by their valuation multiples.

    It is all about selectivity. Investors need to sift through the hype, learn about the fundamentals, and have realistic expectations. If done with caution, innovative IPOs can have a limited but important role in an investor’s diversified portfolio.

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daniyasiddiquiEditor’s Choice
Asked: 27/12/2025In: Stocks Market

Is market volatility becoming the new normal?

volatility becoming the new normal

economic uncertaintyfinancial marketsglobal economyinvestment riskmarket volatilitystock market trends
  1. daniyasiddiqui
    daniyasiddiqui Editor’s Choice
    Added an answer on 27/12/2025 at 2:33 pm

    The Reasons Behind the Rise in Market Volatility in Recent Years There are also a number of structural and behavioral factors, including increased interconnectivity of global markets, which have contributed to a certain level of volatility. For instance, global markets are more interlinked than at aRead more

    The Reasons Behind the Rise in Market Volatility in Recent Years

    There are also a number of structural and behavioral factors, including increased interconnectivity of global markets, which have contributed to a certain level of volatility. For instance, global markets are more interlinked than at any other time in the past. Global events, whether in the form of economy or politics, impact markets globally in an instantaneous manner. An announcement from the Fed in the United States, a geopolitical event, or a supply chain disruption would cause markets to react in a flash.

    Secondly, information flow rates have increased. This is due to real-time transmission of information using technological platforms such as digital media, financial platforms, as well as social networks. This contributes to higher levels of fear and greed emotions, hence fast decision-making to buy and sell.

    Thirdly, the rise of algorithmic and high-frequency trading also impacts the market dynamics. This type of trading occurs in milliseconds and tends to accelerate short-run price movements despite the lack of change in the underlying fundamentals.

    The Role of Macroeconomic Uncertainty

    Uncertainty in the economy has become a hallmark of the present generation. Matters such as inflation rates, interest cycles, international debt, as well as decelerating economic growth could result in a situation where there are constant changes in people’s expectations. Moves made in the money markets related to interest rates and money supply can make a huge difference in market sentiments in a short period.

    Moreover, geopolitical uncertainties have risen. Trading barriers, risks associated with energy supplies, along with regional disputes, create variables that are hard to properly model; hence, investors remain cautious.

    How Investor Behavior Has Shifted

    The composition of investors has also changed. There has been substantial growth in retail investing, due to easy accessibility through trade applications and reduced trading costs. This has made investing more democratic, but it has also resulted in more sentiment-based investing. Market reactions based on news, social media, or market rumors can lead to sudden price movements.

    On the other hand, institutional investors are more aggressively seeking to optimize their risks and are often rebalancing their portfolios on a constant basis. Such nimbleness may be adding to market volatility in uncertain seasons.

    Is Volatility the ‘New Normal’?

    Volatility does seem unusually high, but one must be aware that market cycles of calmness and turmoil were present in markets at all times. The difference is in how often and how quickly markets oscillate, not in how much. In view of present structural realities, interconnectedness of markets globally, speed of information distribution, and complexity of market issues, one could expect increased average levels of market volatility.

    But this does not mean that markets will continue to be unstable. Stable periods will continue to be realized, particularly as economic clarity is gained. Volatility is a condition that can be considered a cycle in and of itself, as opposed to a state of crisis.

    What Volatility Means for Long-Term Investors
    A volatility

    Volatility does not have to pose a threat to long-term investors. On the contrary, it can provide opportunities to gain exposure to high-quality assets at better valuation levels. It has been observed that markets tend to overreact in short periods, while fundamentals are restored over time.

    The answer lies in discipline. Investors who are strategic about asset allocation, diversification, or long-term orientation have a better chance of riding the tide of fluctuating markets. Overwhelming reliance on impulse or judgment, as in panic selling or trending investment, could be counter-productive.

    Handling a More Volatile Market Environment

    Volatility is here to stay, and investors must learn to live with it. When faced with this situation, investors must learn to be ready to adapt to this reality as opposed to fighting against it. It is important to have clear return expectations and liquidity as well as occasionally reviewing portfolios.

    Instead, risk management, patience, and having an investment framework are more valuable than being able to predict market movements. In this aspect, volatility is no longer an adversary but an aspect that must be dealt with.

    Final Perspective

    In Market volatility can become more regular and more apparent as new structures emerge that shape market activity. Even though volatility can be unsettling, this by itself is not an undeniably bad thing. Informed and disciplined investors can learn how to not only survive but thrive during times of market volatility instead of being frightened by it.

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daniyasiddiquiEditor’s Choice
Asked: 27/12/2025In: Digital health, Health

Who is liable if an AI tool causes a clinical error?

AI tool causes a clinical error

artificial intelligence regulationclinical decision support systemshealthcare law and ethicsmedical accountabilitymedical negligencepatient safety
  1. daniyasiddiqui
    daniyasiddiqui Editor’s Choice
    Added an answer on 27/12/2025 at 2:14 pm

    AI in Healthcare: What Healthcare Providers Should Know Clinical AI systems are not autonomous. They are designed, developed, validated, deployed, and used by human stakeholders. A clinical diagnosis or triage suggestion made by an AI model has several layers before being acted upon. There is, thereRead more

    AI in Healthcare: What Healthcare Providers Should Know

    Clinical AI systems are not autonomous. They are designed, developed, validated, deployed, and used by human stakeholders. A clinical diagnosis or triage suggestion made by an AI model has several layers before being acted upon.

    There is, therefore, an underlying question:

    Was the damage caused by the technology itself, by the way it was implemented, or by the way it was used?

    The answer determines liability.

    1. The Clinician: Primary Duty of Care

    In today’s health care setup, health care providers’ decisions, even in those supported by AI, do not exempt them from legal liability.

    If a recommendation is offered by an AI and the following conditions are met by the clinician, then:

    • Accepts it without appropriate clinical judgment, or
    • Neglects obvious signs that go against the result produced by AI,

    So, in many instances, the liability may rest with the clinician. AI systems are not considered autonomous decision-makers but rather decision-support systems by courts.

    Legally speaking, the doctor’s duty of care for the patient is not relinquished merely because software was used. This is supported by regulatory bodies, including the FDA in the United States, which considers a majority of the clinical use of AI to be assistive, not autonomous.

    2. The Hospital or Healthcare Organization

    Healthcare providers can be held responsible for damage caused by system-level issues, for instance:

    • Lack of adequate training among staff
    • Poor incorporation of AI in clinical practices
    • Ignoring known limitations of the system or warnings about safety

    For instance, if an AI decision-support system is required by a hospital in terms of triage decisions but an accompanying guideline is lacking regarding under what circumstances an override decision by clinicians is warranted, then the hospital could be held jointly liable for any errors that occur.

    With the aspect of vicarious liability in place, the hospital can be potentially responsible for negligence committed through its in-house professionals utilizing hospital facilities.

    3. AI Vendor or Developer

    Under product liability or negligence, AI developers can be made responsible, especially if negligence occurs in relation to:

    • Inherently Flawed Algorithm/Design Issues in Models
    • Biased or poor quality training data
    • Lack of Pre-Deployment Testing
    • Lack of disclosure of known limitations or risks

    If an AI system is malfunctioning in a manner inconsistent with its approved use, market claims, legal liability could shift toward the vendor. This leaves developers open to legal liability in case their tools end up malfunctioning in a manner inconsistent with their approved use

    But vendors tend to mitigate any responsibility for liability by stating that the use of the AI system should be under clinical supervision, since it is advisory only. Whether this will be valid under any legal system is yet to be tested.

    4. Regulators & Approval Bodies (Indirect Role)

    The regulatory bodies are not responsible for liability pertaining to clinical mistakes, but regulatory standards govern liability.

    The World Health Organization, together with various regulatory bodies, is placing a mounting importance on the following:

    • Transparency and explainability
    • Human-in-loop decision making
    • Continuous monitoring of AI performance

    Non-compliance with legal standards may enhance the validity of legal action against hospitals or suppliers in the event of injuries.

    5. What If the AI Is “Autonomous”?

    This is where the law gets murky.

    This becomes an issue if an AI system behaves independently without much human interference, such as in cases of fully automated triage decisions or treatment choices. The existing liability mechanism becomes strained in this scenario because the current laws were never meant for software that can independently impact medical choices.

    Some jurists have argued for:

    • Contingent liability schemes
    • Mandatory Insurance for AI MitsuruClause Insurance for AI
    • New legal categorizations for autonomous medical technologies

    At least, in today’s world, most medical organizations do not put themselves at risk in this manner, as they do, in fact, mandate supervision by medical staff.

    6. Factors Judged by the Court for Errors Associated with AI

    In applying justice concerning harm caused by artificial intelligence, the courts usually consider:

    • Was the AI used for the intended purpose?
    • Was the practitioner prudent in medical judgment?
    • Was the AI system sufficiently tested and validated?
    • Were limitations well defined?
    • Was there proper training and governance in the organization?

    The absence or presence of AI may not be as crucial to liability but rather its responsible use.

    The Emerging Consensus

    The general world view is that AI does not replace responsibility. Rather, the responsibility is shared in the AI environment in the following ways:

    • Healthcare Organizations: Responsible for the governance & implementation
    • Suppliers of AI systems: liable for secure design and honest representation

    This shared responsibility model acknowledges that AI is not a value-neutral tool or an autonomous system it is a socio-technical system that is situated within healthcare practice.

    Conclusion

    Consequently, it is not only technology errors but also system errors. The issue of blame in assigning liability focuses not on pinning down whose mistake occurred but on making all those in the chain, from the technology developer to the medical practitioner, do their share.

    Until such time as laws catch up to define the specific role of autonomous biomedical AI, being responsible is a decidedly human task. There is no question about the best course in either safety or legal terms. Being human is the key. Keep the responsibility visible, traceable, and human.

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