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What are generative AI models, and how do they differ from predictive models?
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Understanding the Two Model Types in Simple Terms Both generative and predictive AI models learn from data at the core. However, they are built for very different purposes. Generative AI models are designed to create content that had…
How do AI models detect harmful content?
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1. The Foundation: Supervised Safety Classification Most AI companies train specialized classifiers whose sole job is to flag unsafe content. These classifiers are trained on large annotated datasets that contain examples of: Hate speech Violence Sexual conten…
When would you use parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT)?
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1. When You Have Limited Compute Resources This is the most common and most practical reason. Fine-tuning a model like Llama 70B or GPT-sized architectures is usually impossible for most developers or companies. You need: Multiple A100/H100 GPUs…
What is a Transformer, and how does self-attention work?
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1. The Big Idea Behind the Transformer Instead of reading a sentence word-by-word as in an RNN, the Transformer reads the whole sentence in parallel. This alone dramatically speeds up training. But then the natural question would be:…
What performance trade-offs arise when shifting from unimodal to cross-modal reasoning?
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1. Elevated Model Complexity, Heightened Computational Power, and Latency Costs Cross-modal models do not just operate on additional datatypes; they must fuse several forms of input into a unified reasoning pathway. This fusion requires more parameters, greate…
What is an AI agent? How does agentic AI differ from traditional ML models?
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An AI agent is But that is not all: An agent is something more than a predictive or classification model; rather, it is an autonomous system that may take an action directed towards some goal. Put differently, An…
How do you decide when to use a model like a CNN vs an RNN vs a transformer?
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Understanding the Core Differences That is, by choosing between CNNs, RNNs, and Transformers, you are choosing how a model sees patterns in data: whether they are spatial, temporal, or contextual relationships across long sequences. Let's break that down:…
How do we choose which AI model to use (for a given task)?
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1. Start with the Problem — Not the Model Specify what you actually require even before you look at models. Ask yourself: What am I trying to do — classify, predict, generate content, recommend, or reason? What is…
What is AI?
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1. The Simple Idea: Machines Taught to "Think" Artificial Intelligence is the design of making computers perform intelligent things — not just by following instructions, but actually learning from information and improving with time. In regular programming, hu…
"What are the latest methods for aligning large language models with human values?
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What “Aligning with Human Values” Means Before we dive into the methods, a quick refresher: when we say “alignment,” we mean making LLMs behave in ways that are consistent with what people value—that includes fairness, honesty, helpfulness, respecting…